They are unmistakable. Their construction is very standardized. Yet the metal beds being made in England in the 1800′s all have the same problem …… instability. Why? Because there are way too many connecting points, where iron tubing is joined to brass tubing or iron rods are connected to iron tubing and those connections are problematic because of the manner in which the British secured that connection, with threaded screws and small brass balls. Thats not a problem if the brass you’re joining to iron is simply decorative. We did that in this country all the time, with no problems at all. But the British used that same manner of joining brass to iron, and iron to iron on the structural points of the bed, where strength and rigidity were most important.
At no time can all the connecting points on a British bed be tight and secure. It’s the nature of the beast. They will continue to work themselves loose after continuous movement and friction. So not only will they make the noise of a grade school rhythm band, they will also start to “move” and feel unstable.
In this country the iron beds that were made, corrected that inherit problem of noise and movement, by “pouring” hot moult-on iron ore into moulds that surrounded those “junctions/joints”, and created beautifully detailed “castings”, or as they were referred to back then as “chills”. Consequently our beds never had the same problems of noise and instability that the beds from England and Europe had.
The added factor of solving the noise and instability problem, by pouring castings around the joints instead of using screws with little brass balls, was the beautifully decorative castings that became each and every foundries pride and joy. Craftsmanship in the detailing, with a foundries castings, denoted their pride in creating something other foundries might not be doing. There seemed to be a constant competitive battle between bed manufactures to come up with new designs and more detailed and unique “castings”. Foundries that stuck with the same designs for long periods of time would loose considerable business to those foundries that continued to come up with newer and more unique styles.
When a foundry designed a “casting ” that was well received by the public, it was quite common for them to use it and many of their other bed designs. The old adage “if it aint broke…… don’t fix it” became their theme.
So if you’re considering getting an antique iron bed, know what you’re getting yourself in to if you get a British bed from the 1800′s. There’s just no getting around it…….we made far better beds in this country back then, because we learned from the mistakes that were made on beds made in Victorian England.
It is said there is no great form of flattery than to impersonate someone. When it comes to original “antiques” and “reproductions”, it couldn’t be more true.
You can count on the rarity and popularity of original antique iron beds, by the number of companies that are reproducing them. You can also tell which beds were the most popular back in the 1800′s by the number of companies today that are replicating the same style.
It’s very unfortunate that a number of the better companies that reproduced beds in this country have gone out of business due to competition from companies that are out of this country that can produce the same bed at a fraction of the cost, specifically China. It is impossible to compete with Chinese companies because of their cheap labor force. Workers actually live in many of the same facilities that they work in. They have “company” stores and cafeterias that enable their workers to have no real needs outside the factory. Wages are a fraction of our “minimum wage”, and there are no unions to protect them. Health care is even taken care of by the company. Also the work day is between 10 to 12 hours a day and often 6 days a week. Our labor laws do not permit children under 18 to work in a factory setting. It’s not uncommon for children as young as 10 an 12 years old to be working in machine operated shops.
Because most of the furniture goods produced in China are for export. The quality is not always as good as those goods that are produced in this country that are held to a higher standard of quality control. A manufacturers reputation and business success is only as good as the product he consistently makes.
By the way…….there are some really good companies making iron beds today. So if you’re having difficulty finding an original antique iron bed……..check out some local home grown companies. Many of them even have great antique faux’ finishes to select from.
Remember…….Make sure the bed you buy was made here in the good old USA.
The vehicle that is bringing you this information has done more to better the world, bring people together and make our lives better than any single invention since the telephone or possibly as far back as Gutenberg’s printing press. It has narrowed the gap between nations, brought us closer to a cure for countless diseases and helped plot a course for the future of our planet.
But what it’s also done is desensitized us to certain social norms and mores that were prevalent in the 1800′s when fancy iron beds brought “romance” to the bedroom in an otherwise puritanical period in our history. Clothes were designed to “cover” women. Not expose them, as is the trend today. Antique iron beds were an anomaly during the Victorian Era. The period was characterized by stifling and prudish moral values. There was little that allowed a person to express the way they felt about the opposite sex. “Courting” was often restricted to seeing the person you liked, only when other family members were present.
So it was not without intent that metal beds that were being made in this country started to mimic to curved sensual lines that were being manufactured in France. Society was much less restrictive in France. People weren’t persecuted for displaying their emotions. It was common practice to “hold hands ” between people who were seeing each other. Displays of affection were also common place. The same patterns of behavior between the sexes in France were strongly frowned upon here in America. Furniture was just an extension of the attitude for life the French had and still do to this day. There was next to no “racism” and “homosexuality” was not an issue. Throughout history we have criticized the French, but usually more for our political differences and alliances. Yet we have always admired and copied their impeccable style and design.
It was their impeccable taste and sensual designs that we strove to copy, as metal beds started to take a strong foothold in America. It didn’t take long for their progressive romanticism to catch hold here. Because the bedroom was such a private room back in the 1800′s, there was no better place to display , privately, the repressed romantic feelings we were starting to slowly become more comfortable with.
Today a beautifully scrolled antique iron bed carries with it the romance of a simpler time. A time when things weren’t so blatant and obvious. They carry with them a love for beauty and sensual lines. Because there seem to be a countless number of styles and designs made throughout the 1800′s. A person was free to express exactly how open or possibly repressed they were and there always seemed to be a bed that fit them like a glove.
Elevating todays mattresses on old antique beds can often pose quite a dilemma. When antique iron beds were being made back in the 1800′s, the rail system that held the mattresses off the ground was at an average of 13″. Todays Hollywood and Harvard bed frames are only 5″ off the ground. 
This whole issue becomes compounded when a person has a “pillow-top” mattress that can be anywhere from 12″ to 23″ in thickness, just depending on the thickness of the pillow top and whether the added pillow top is on both sides of the mattress. Occasionally the added pillow is only on one side.
So now you have to contend with the box spring that comes with your mattress……. unless you were savvy enough to have known a “hard foundation” is better, orthopedically, for your mattress than a 8″ thick box spring that exacerbates the flex the mattress already has with the springs inside it.
So lets take stock of what you’re dealing with if you do happen to have a “pillow-top” mattress. We start with the constant of 13″ rails off the ground, where your mattress and box spring will start. Now add 8″ for your box spring. That puts us up to 21″. Now add a minimum of 15″ for the mattress and that will put you up to 36″ off the ground. Can you say “step stool”.
Here’s how you can overcome the height issue and also get the benefit of adding years to your mattress.
GET RID OF YOUR BOX SPRING………
Have you ever purchased a mattress and box spring and the salesman said be sure and flip and rotate your mattress every 3 to 5 months. Why would he say that? Is a precautionary suggestion or a necessity like putting oil in the engine of your car. There are certain things that are required of production made items to insure their longevity. Flipping and rotating your mattress is one of them a mattress company loves to through in your face, if and when you ever want to return your mattress while the warranty is still in effect. That warranty is completely negated if you’re not able to stipulate in writing that you turned and rotated your mattress as per the manufacturers instuctions.
So why do they ask you to flip and rotate the mattress? Because the springs in the mattress are made of “coiled” steel, as are the springs the mattress sets on in your box spring. So what do you think would happen if you set a “coiled spring” on top of another “coiled spring” and it wasn’t perfectly aligned? Your right…….it would fall off. A similar thing happens when the mattress and box spring aren’t completely aligned. A spring will then want to bend and in so doing it will create bumps and divots in your mattress. Flipping and rotating doesn’t always give a spring an opportunity to permanently bend.
So what can be done?
You first want to be able to lower the height of the top of your mattress to a more manageable level for getting in and out of bed. Here is the easiest, and by far, best way to achieve this. Get rid of your box spring and get a “low-profile” hard foundation around the thickness of 2″ , or as close to that as possible. Here on the West Coast we call them “bunkie boards”.
They are far more orthopedically sound and beneficial than a box spring. With a hard foundation/bunkie board, the springs are resting on a flat surface. That means there’s really nowhere other than up and down for the springs to go, when someone is on top of them. If you’re able to find a 2″ thick “bunkie board”, you will have effectively lowered the height of the top of the mattress by 6″. That’s quite a bit. Now the proportions of your bed frame look far better also.
I receive at least 2 emails a day from people wanting to buy side rails for their antique bed. It’s unfortunate that people aren’t aware of how vital their side rails are. If they were, more people would take care not to misplace them when they move or disassemble their beds.
Because they look like simple metal side rails, you’d think they were easily replaceable . Once again……. that is not the case. Back in the 1800′s our government had yet to step in to the arena of private manufacturing to help instill a Bureau of Standards. So small independently owned businesses had to reinvent the wheel, pretty much, every time they wanted to build something. Today bed frames have a universal height, width and connection, that enable modern headboards to be attached to. This allows the consumer to have the same bed frame that will pretty much attach to whatever headboard or foot-board they buy, from whatever company they select a head and foot board from. Because of these universally acceptable frames that are made today, people don’t place the importance and value on their old set of side rails.
When iron beds became popular and the most widely used form of bed, a whole new frame work was needed to elevate a homeowners mattress off the floor. Wooden head and foot boards had a wooden side rail, that connect the two end pieces together. But this wooden side rail was not compatible with the metal headboards that were becoming so popular. Because the old wooden framework was no going to be usable with the metal beds, foundries needed to design side rails that would securely hold the head and foot-board of their tubular metal beds perpendicular to the floor. England had been making metal beds from back in the mid to late 1700′s. So when steel mills in Pittsburgh and Chicago started producing the raw materials to manufacture metal beds, it really wasn’t necessary to reinvent the wheel. It was but to copy the rail system the British had established for their metal beds. It was a simple, yet brilliant , “drop in” self tightening system that required no screws or bolts to secure the rails. At the end of each of the angle iron side rails was a cast fitting in the shape of an ice cream cone that tapered from an approximate 1″ diameter down to point. There was a mould made for this shape and it was then poured around the end of the side rail, in the foundry. Because there were hundreds of small independently owned foundries, that didn’t have access to the moulds the larger foundries used. They needed to make their own moulds. But in so doing, even though the shape was very similar, the taper and conical size varied in size. Because an opposite mould had to be made to accommodate the exact end that was being poured on the side rail, most side rails were not universally interchangeable.
So when someone is looking to find a pair of rails for their antique iron bed today, they not only have the dilemma of finding someone with an extra set who’s willing to part with them……they also have the even greater dilemma of finding a pair that “fit’s” their bed.
Without the correct set of side rails for your bed, it’s going to be unstable. The head and foot-board are going to rock back and forth and destabilize any mattress that is set on top of them. An even greater risk, when using a pair of rails that wasn’t made for the bed, is the stress it’s going to place on the receiving “hitches” that are on the head and foot-board . If these break, you have more trouble than you’re prepared for. These “hitches” can’t be welded like normal steel. That’s because they’re cast iron and any welder who tells you they can be repaired, isn’t at the top of his game. They will always be too weak to support everything put on them.
So take care of those rails……… they’re as important as the head and foot-board.
There are a number of things that make one antique bed more valuable than another.
The first thing: is the size of the tubing. To be more specific, the size tubing going across the top of the bed. Nearly 85% of all the iron beds that were made back in the 1800′s had 1″ thick wall tubing on the sides. There are other sizes that were used…..1 1/4″, 1 5/8″ and 2″. Almost all of them were thick wall “black pipe” tubing. But the tubing that more often than not determined the value of a bed was the size tubing or rod size that went across the top. Thinner 3/8″ gauge rod across the top had degree of “flex” to it that not always fell as structurally stable as the same size tubing on the sides.
Second: The castings, their quality and quantity. The more detailed and unusual would denote a foundry that took pride in the beds they manufactured. More simplistic casting usually denoted a foundry that were more interested in turning out more beds than beds that had more detailing. The amount of castings is always determined by the amount of joints a bed has. In other words the amount of design work.
Third: Designs, although important, didn’t have as much to do with a beds collectibility and value as did the first two ….. tubing and castings. I’ve had incredible beds with nothing but straight verticals. Flowing designs throughout the interior are always more collectible if they have nicely detailed castings joining all the connecting points together.
Fourth: Height of the head and footboard. A taller head and footboard would mean you’re going to see more of it once a mattress and pillows are put in place. In a period when every little piece had a bearing on the “bottom line”, only the better foundries cared if their headboards were high enough to deal with things such as pillows etc.
Fifth: Finishes……It’s actually quite rare for us to come across a bed frame with it’s original pint job intact. Most of the beds we get have been painted over dozens of time, in the past 150 to 200 years. But occasionally we’ll come across a bed that has never seen a night outside. One that has been taken care over the years. Our custom antique faux’ finishes, all came from beds we’ve either seen or had that had an original old painted “finish” intact.
If you follow these five criteria regarding the value of a antique iron bed you can’t go wrong.
Happy hunting

To understand the possible adjustments you might need to make to your antique bed, to use your modern mattress…..You first need to understand what was being used as a mattress and springs back when these beds were at their most popular in the 1800′s.
In the 1800′s there was no such thing as a mattress with springs in it. All mattresses were large stuffed sacks. They were made the same length and width of the bed frames that were being made. The thing that distinguished a better quality mattress from a not so good one were two things. The first was what it was stuffed with. Early mattresses contained a variety of natural materials including straw, feathers or horse hair. The most desirable and costly were “feather” mattresses. You can imagine how many feather it took to achieve a “lofty” thick mattress. But the comfort factor was far superior to that of a “straw” stuffed mattress.
The second thing that separated a good quality mattress from a lesser one, was the “ticking”, a strong, durable material, typically striped, that was used to cover mattresses and pillows. The manner in which this “ticking” was sewn together determined how good a mattress would be and if the interior stuffing would stay in place or get lumpy in certain areas. Better quality mattresses back then had a trim called “piping”, thin cord covered in fabric, used to reinforce the seams.
From about 500 AD and continuing over the next few centuries bed and bedroom went into a decline and most people were happy enough with a hard bench above the damp and the foraging rats. For the austere conditions describing life for people in Britain, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, a ‘bed’ was nothing more than a location on the floor. Sleeping indoors was considered luxury enough and on cold nights better to be huddled together in the company of others. It was a lawless time when there was some measure of safety in numbers. If available, straw could easily be stuffed into coarse cloth sacks and spread on a table or bench, emptied in the morning and then remade at bedtime. In this way hardship was subtly incorporated into custom and the absence of comfortable beds was viewed as a way of strengthening character and body. Soft beds made soft soldiers and soft surfaces led to effeminacy and weak character. Undressing for sleep was viewed as a coddling affectation.
It was this absence of a true bed that saw the term ‘make the bed’ come into use, a literal statement throughout the Dark Ages. No smoothing of sheets and blankets or the fluffing of pillows, but more a case of gathering straw or leaves to stuff inside a coarse sack and then locating a dry spot to lay your head. It was from the routine making and remaking of these sack-beds that people began to speak of making beds.
It wasn’t until 1901 that man made the first hand tied mattress with metal springs in it and cotton stuffing. At that same time a newer bed frame that was within 5″ from the floor was becoming very popular. The old antique iron bed frames had rails that were 13″ off the ground. With this new type of frame it became necessary to devise something that would elvate the mattress up to a more comfortable, manageable height…….in comes the modern day “box spring”. Probably one of the worst inventions that can’t say “die”. Instead of just making a “hard foundation” for the mattresses to set on, box springs were invented. You may have asked yourself “why” do mattress companies suggest that you “flip and rotate” your mattress every few months? It’s because, at no time, can the springs in the mattress completely align themselves with the springs in the box spring. And because they can’t, the springs will become off set and crooked. That in turn will then cause lumps in the mattress. Whereby if the mattress were setting on a flat hard foundation with no springs, it would last longer and be more orthopedic.
Old iron beds were constructed to accommodate a very small wire spring unit, that had no covering on it and was attached to the side rails. On top of that went the thiner “feather” mattress. So with todays thick box springs and pillow top mattresses , you might find yourself using a step stool to be able to get into bed.
So your best bet in being able to use your new “pillow-top” mattress on your old metal bed frame is to get rid of the 8″ box spring and get yourself a 2″ thick “bunkie board” that will effectively lower the top of the mattress by 6″. Give it a try
To trace the origin of the switch in popularity from one item to another , you need look no further than the price the new item was offered at. Dollars and cents always seems to be at the inception of a changing of the guard…….
For the longest time wooden beds held the spotlight in most peoples bedrooms. So why all of a sudden did iron beds take over in popularity? There were actually a number of reasons……
First : Price……The steel mills of Pittsburgh and Chicago were able to make iron ore and steel tubing in such an efficient manner as to bring the cost down on the raw materials that were required to manufacture beds. Wood had a constant cost in materials yet it took longer to carve and cut and glue wood into bed frames that it did to have a bed and it’s castings poured in a small independently owned foundry. The foundries simply undercut the price of wooden beds, to make them more popular than what the public had grown accustom to.
Second : Style……There was a certain limitation to the designs and styles that wooden beds were offered in. Their primary distinction came with their carvings. But with metal tube beds…..the styling was literally limitless. This also enabled the consumer to branch off of the ordinary Victorian style of decor and go more toward the Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Edwardian, Craftsman, or any number of other popular design themes. To be able to curve tubing and pour unlimited, detailed, unique castings, set metal beds apart from the more conservative staid designs that wood had been offering.
Third: Light and Airy…..Wooden bed frames were always a big visual statement that took up a lot of “air” and space. The blocked the light from windows and made rooms that were not necessarily very big, look even smaller. Metal beds, because of their open tubing, allowed light and vision to pace through. They made small rooms look larger and if a bed needed to be positioned in from of a window…… vision throw the window was not obscured and the light from the window was not block.
Fourth: Color……Wooden beds were traditionally finished in a natural finish. Rarely if ever were they painted. That came much later in the early 1900′s when people with wooden beds wanted a change and started painting their beds white. Iron frames offered the public a broad spectrum of colors, enabling them to blend their bed with the rest of their chosen color scheme. Often the bed brought the only color there was into the bedroom. It often set the theme of the bedroom with it’s specific coloration and paint. Different colors, “livened up” otherwise dull lifeless settings.
Variety is what set iron beds apart from their wooden predecessor and made them the most popular form of bed throughout the history of design.
When most people think about antique iron beds, they think “white”. What most people aren’t aware of is that “white was probably the least popular color that beds were painted back in the 1800′s.
“White” only became popular when “reproductions” started to help satisfy the demand for the lack of original antique beds that were available to the public. Powdercoating were the easiest and strongest finishes available in t he early 70′s. Antique faux’ finishes had not become popular yet. Everyone wanted their bed to look new and fresh. The aged look was something everyone was having sandblasted off. It would be until the late 70′s and early 80′s that custom antique faux’ finishes became popular. Pioneers of the “aged” look were companies like the Ralph Lauren Co , who started displaying their blankets , sheets pillows and linens on old antique iron beds that still had their distressed flakey paint. The original old finish gave a stark contrast to the new fresh linens and comforters, and actually helped display and highlight them. Soon the public started looking for similar beds with old finishes and when the supply of original old beds couldn’t supply the demand for the old look……”reproduction” companies started doing custom antique faux’ finishes.
Traditionally throughout the 1800′s, which was their hay-day, iron beds were painted nearly every color of the proverbial rainbow. Some of the more popular colors were “Barn Red”, “Apple Green” and “French Blue”, as the photo on this page. It was quite common for the manufacturer to paint the perimeter of the bed frame in one color and then the castings in either a white or gold guilding for accent. Painting the castings in their own color was a very common thing to do because it helped the foundries and manufacturers to highlight and show off their designs better. It took more time …….. but was well worth it. But then what would happen was the next time the bed was painted, and that was also a very traditional thing for a homeowner to do, the owner wouldn’t want to take the time to detail all the castings in a different color. Hence…….more and more beds became monochromatic ……. one solid color.
Whenever a person would paint their home or barn, it was a very natural thing for them to use whatever remaining paint their was to paint their beds. This resulted in numerous layers of paint over the years and often the bed frame could chronicle the color history of the home.
So as the Blue bed in this photo, which has an “original” factory finish, most beds were painted something other than “white”.
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